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heredity_14-1_and_14-2_new.ppt
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Study Guide - Chapter 11 and 14

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Some Vocabulary you should know!

Genetics:  The scientific study of heredity
Fertilization:  the process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
Trait:  a specific characteristic of an individual 
Gene:  A factor that is passed from parent to offspring
Allele:  One of a number of different forms of a gene
The Principle of Dominance:  states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive
Probability: the likelihood that an event will occur
Homozygous:  having two identical alleles for a particular gene
Heterozygous:  having two different alleles for a particular gene
Phenotype:  the physical characteristics of an organism
Genotype:  the genetic makeup of an organism
Codominance:  a situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed
            Example:  Speckled black and white chickens
Incomplete dominance:  a situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another
            Example:  Red flower crossed with white flower produces a pink flower
Karotype:  a photograph of the complete set of chromosomes grouped in pairs
Sex-linked gene:  a gene located on a sex chromosome
Pedigree:  A chart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to the relationships within a family across several generations. 
Nondisjunction: An error in meiosis in which the chromosomes fail to separate properly. 

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